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José de Ribera
Játiva, 1591-Naples, 1652
A painter, printmaker and draughtsman who spent his entire career in Naples, José de Ribera was the son of a shoemaker from Játiva. Almost nothing is known of his training in Spain, although it is possible, as some experts have suggested, that he had some contact with Francisco Ribalta. Nothing is known either of how he arrived in Italy or the places he visited before his documented presence in Parma, and these periods of his career can only be reconstructed hypothetically. In 1611 his presence is Parma is proven by the payment for a canvas representing Saint Martin Sharing His Cloak with a Beggar for the church of Saint Prosperus. Between 1613 and 1616 the artist is documented in Rome, mentioned in 1613 in a document of the Accademia di San Luca. In mid 1616 he moved to Naples where he married with Caterina Azzolino, daughter of a Sicilian painter and where he died in 1652. In Naples, Ribera built up a broad and sizeable client base, among them private collectors, merchants, foreign aristocracy, viceroys, Italian aristocrats and Spaniards such as the Conde de Monterrey, for whom he realised one of his most important canvases, the Immaculate Conception, for the Convento de las Agustinas in Salamanca. Paintings by Ribera began to be recorded in Spanish collections from the 1630s. Among his pupils who trained in his studio were Luca Giordano and Aniello Falcone. Ribera's style influenced the next generation of Neapolitan artists as well as the next generation of Spanish painters, who came to know his works due to his prolific output.
pérez sánchez, a. e. and spinosa, n. (eds.): Ribera. 1591-1652. Exhibition catalogue Museo del Prado, Madrid, 1992.
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