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Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid
Jan van de Cappelle

Winter Landscape

Oil on panel.
41 x 42.2 cm
Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid
Inv. no.
80
(
1969.5
)
ROOM 28
Level 2
Permanent Collection
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 13 15 16 17 18 22 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Recommended start of the visitClassical rooms
1 14th Century. Early Italian Painting 2 15th Century. German and Spanish Painting 3 15th Century. Early Netherlandish Painting 4 15th Century. Italian Painting 5 15th and 16th Centuries. Renaissance Portraiture 6 16th Century. Villahermosa Gallery 7 16th Century. Italian Painting 8 15th and 16th Centuries. German Painting 9 15th and 16th Centuries. German Painting 10 16th Century. Netherlandish Painting 11 Tiziano, Tintoretto, Bassano and  El Greco 12 17th Century. Caravaggio and Baroque Painting 13 17th Century. Italian, French and Spanish Painting 14 17th Century. Italian, French and Spanish Painting 15 17th Century. Italian, French and Spanish Painting 16 18th Century. Italian Painting 17 18th Century. Italian Painting 18 18th Century. Italian Painting 19 Classical rooms 20 Classical rooms 21 Classical rooms 22 18th Century. Italian Painting 23 17th Century. Dutch Painting. Landscape 24 18th Century. French and English Painting 25 17th Century. Dutch Painting. Scenes of Daily Life and Interiors 26 17th Century. Dutch Painting. Landscape 27 17th Century. Dutch Painting. Portrait 28 17th Century. Dutch Painting. Landscape 29 19th Century. European Painting. Goya and Romanticism  
In addition to the marine views on which he primarily focused throughout his career, Jan van de Cappelle executed winter landscapes that allowed him to experiment with atmospheric phenomena, according to Valentiner. The artist painted frozen expanses of water such as canals and rivers with trees and buildings on each bank, animating these scenes with small figures playing sports and games, talking or walking along the frozen white ground. These areas of snow and ice allowed the artist to study and depict a wide range of pink and silver lights and reflections cast by the sky. Jan van de Cappelle was familiar with compositions of this type painted by artists of previous generations such as Hendrick Avercamp and Esaias van de Velde, and also bore in mind the work of Aert van der Neer whom he surpassed in compositional organisation and the quality of the atmospheric effects.

Winter Landscape is structured around a frozen river in the centre that spreads out to the lower edge of the panel where the artist has placed a number of figures. The spatial recession is achieved through the natural course of the river, which is framed on its banks by houses and bare trees in the foreground and middleground and through a wooden bridge slightly further back that leads the eye into the background and towards the area of bushes and trees on the left. The harshness of the winter climate with its cold wind is conveyed by the movement of the figures’ clothes. Some of these figures are enjoying winter sports and games including those on the right with a man skating, a boy sliding on the ice in a miniature boat and a group playing colf. The blue sky at the upper edge is starting to be rapidly covered over by dense patches of clouds that suggest rain and dampness. The composition is typical of Van de Cappelle as he frequently used the motif of a river receding into the distance and framed on either side by trees and bushes with boats frozen into the ice. The artist painted around twenty winter landscapes of which the most successful are those dating from between 1652 and 1653 in which the effects of the weather and atmosphere are the true protagonists.

Stechow referred to the influence of these works by Cappelle on the production of Jan van Kessel. Winter Landscape by that artist (private collection) is an almost exact copy of the present panel. It omits the figures on the right and modifies the middle distance and the background as well as the viewpoint, with the scene presented from further away.

This panel was in the collection of Nicolaas Doekscheer and was auctioned in Amsterdam following his death in 1789. It appeared on the art market various times and was in collections in Amsterdam, Glasgow, Richmond and Oldenzaal, among other places. It was acquired for the Thyssen-Bornemisza collection in 1969 via the Cramer gallery in The Hague.

Mar Borobia
17th Century - Dutch paintingPaintingOilpanel
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Winter Landscape. Paisaje de invierno, década de 1660
Winter Landscape
Jan van de Cappelle

©

Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid

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Winter Landscape. Paisaje de invierno, década de 1660
Winter Landscape
Jan van de Cappelle

©

Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid

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