The Thyssen-Bornemisza family showed an interest in the art of sculpture from the start of the collection. Their first acquisition of this kind, a superb set of six pieces by Auguste Rodin, was followed by others such as this Lamentation for the Dead Christ. Purchased by Heinrich Thyssen on 28 August 1928 from S. Goldschmidt & Co., it came from a chapel in Hof Lilach near Kirchheim, where it appears to have remained until about 1914. When Heinrich Thyssen died in 1947, it passed to his son Hans Heinrich. The carving was attributed to artist Tilman Riemenschneider from 1930 – the year it was exhibited as part of the collection – to 1955, when it was suggested it may have been executed by the Master of the Wettringer Altar.